Double consciousness

W. E. B Du Bois’ â€Å"The Souls of Black Folk† is a powerful and engaging explication on the condition of the â€Å"American Negro. † The article traces the problems of African American’s struggle with identity in white-based America and the seemingly impossible task to carving a unique identity and self-consciousness. It is, as he notes, â€Å"a history of this strife, – this longing to attain self- conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. † Introduced in this line is the concept of a â€Å"double consciousness.† Du Bois believes that being ‘black’ has been both a blessing and a curse since one was â€Å"born with a veil† but also â€Å"gifted with second-sight. † The world does not award the Negro a â€Å"true self-consciousness† for his sense of self is always reflection of how others see him; a refracted image of oneself that has been dictated and distorted by othe rs with â€Å"amused contempt and pity. † An American Negro therefore feels a sense of duality with â€Å"two warring ideals in one dark body. †Yet the task to transcend that â€Å"double consciousness† and find union between two dualities is a difficult one for it is a painful journey of doubt and confusion in seeking â€Å"double aims† and â€Å"unreconciled ideals. † The American Negro needs to speak the language of the whites and accept their culture yet not be ashamed of his own. He must yet recognise that in order for there to be an emancipated future, the American Negro needs the knowledge of the white world which was â€Å"Greek to his own flesh and blood† and for a culture he rightly belongs, â€Å"he could not articulate the message.† Martin Luther King Jr. , arguably the most renowned of African Americans, is perhaps an apt example of the double consciousness and the struggle of the American Negro Du Bois writes of. In his desire to advance the rights of African Americans, end racial segregation and discrimination, King needed to speak the language of the white person and ironically share the ideals of liberty and freedom advanced by white Anglo-Saxon society. Yet King saw that it was necessary â€Å"in the name of this the land of their fathers’ fathers, and in the name of human opportunity. †

Dreams of “How I Met My Husband” Essay

Dreams seem to be a part of everyday life. People wish to be someone better than themselves or wish for something that is out of their reach or beyond their control. A hired girl dreaming of the life of her employer is a perfectly normal thing. And that same girl dreaming of a love is just as normal. However, in reality of the situation, these things are not true. Whether it is a dream of love or a dream of life, it is still a dream. Working for the Peebles’ was almost like living in a dream, a new life. Edie could bathe more often once she moved in with the Peebles’. â€Å"I had a bath in there once a week. They wouldn’t have minded if I took one oftener†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (para 27). The Peebles’ also owned a washing machine. This was something new to Edie. â€Å"Mrs. Peebles had an automatic washer and dryer, the first I ever saw† (para 24). She was used to having to wring out her clothes and hang them up. These are two things that she could have dreamed about and now has the opportunity to experience them in real life. Living in a place where new technology is available is like a dream come true for Edie. One job Edie has is to clean the Peebles’ house. She goes through Mrs. Peebles’ closet, looking at all the clothes hanging there. One of Edie’s fantasies occurs while doing this. Edie was going through Mrs. Peebles’ clothes and noticed a dress hanging near the back of the closet that she had never seen Mrs. Peebles wear. Now I took note of where it hung and lifted it out. It was satin, a lovely weight on my arm, light bluish-green in color, almost silvery. It had a fitted, pointed waist and a full skirt and an off-the-shoulder fold hiding the little sleeves (para 29). Edie does not stop with trying on the dress. She continues to beautify herself. She pinned up her hair and applied some make-up. She was dressing as if she was of a wealthy family, something that was not true at all. She was trying to imagine what it would be like. While she is dressed up in Mrs. Peebles’ clothes, she is confronted by a man named Chris Watters. Chris is unaware that Edie is pretending to be someone she is not. After they begin to converse, Chris finds out that Edie is really just the hired girl. He proceeds to call her beautiful though, even after he has found out the truth. Her infatuation for Chris begins to grow during this time and the dream of an unattainable love begins to develop. When Edie is around Chris, she shows classic signs of â€Å"being in love.† â€Å"My heart was knocking away, my tongue was dried up. I had to sway something. But I couldn’t. My throat closed and I was like a deaf-and-dumb† (para 54). This quote shows that being around Chris made Edie very nervous. She could not act like her self. Chris proceeds to ask Edie a series of questions, but Edie is unable to respond. Later in the story, Edie goes to visit Chris while the Peebles’ are gone. Between this visit and their first encounter, Edie discovers that Chris has a fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e. When she asks Chris if he is going to get married, he almost avoids the question. â€Å"‘Ha ha. What time did you say they would be back?† â€Å"Five o’clock.† â€Å"Well, by that time, this place will have seen the last of me. A plane can get further than a car'† (para 136 – 138). He is refusing to acknowledge the reality of the situation about the fact that he is to be married. He instead wishes to continue to live in a dream world with no worries. He then proceeds to tell Edie that he needs a long time to say good bye to her, not thinking of his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e at all. Chris’s fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e wants to get married and does not know how Chris feels. She chases him around as he goes from town to town giving rides in his plane. His comment to Alice, his fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e, when he sees her at the Peebles’ home is â€Å"You’re going to spend a lot on gas that way (para 114.)† Never once does the text suggest that Chris has missed her, yet Alice must miss him if she will chase after him. Despite the fact that Alice is living in a dream world in which she believes Chris wants to be with her, he leaves, running away from his reality and her dream. The scene in the text where Chris says good bye to Edie suggests that he ahs some feelings for her, but it never actually says this. He put the cake away carefully and sat beside me and started those little kisses, so soft, I can’t ever let myself think about them, such kind little kisses, all over m eyelids and neck and ears, all over, then me kissing back as well as I could†¦ and we lay on the cot pressed together, just gently, and he did some other things, not bad things or not in a bad way (para 143). Usually, one does not do these things unless they have feelings for the other person. But since we only know what Edie is thinking, we do not know whether or not Chris has any kind of feelings for her. They are both acting as if they were adults in an actual relationship, when in fact, they are not. Edie is a young teenager, while Chris is a war veteran. With the previous scene described by Edie she suggests that she has true feelings for Chris. She thinks it is real. Before Chris left on his plane, he told Edie that he was going to write to her, letting her know where he was. Edie, because she wanted it to be true, believed him. She really thought that he would be in contact with her again. It’s while she waits for Chris’s letters that Edie meets the man she marries. She always greeted the mailman with a smile, hoping that that day would be the day her letter arrives. â€Å"‘You’ve got the smile I’ve been waiting for all day!’ he used to holler out the car window† (para 196). Edie would wait by the mailbox every day for the letter that she finally realized would never come. It is at this point in the story that Edie â€Å"wakes up† and sees reality as it is. Eventually, the mailman and Edie get married. He always thought that she was waiting for him by the mailbox, not a letter, and that the smile was for him. In reality, the mailman is someone that a girl of Edie’s status is more likely to be with. Her infatuation of Chris was like a dream. Though the text never says that Edie loves the mailman, I think she does. She lets him believe that her smile was for him; she lets him believe in his dream. If she didn’t care for him, I think she would have told him the truth. This story revolves around dreams. Edie has many dreams throughout the text before she realizes the reality of life. The dreams are important to her because they help her get through life. Dreams are important in everyone’s lives because they help people realize what they want out of life. Edie dreams of love because it is something she wants. Without that dream, she would not have met her husband. Without her dreams, she would not have seen life for what it is.

Prosecutorial Misconduct in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prosecutorial Misconduct in Texas - Essay Example Prosecutorial misconduct has become rampant in different states of America. Texas is one of the states that have been faced by this challenge and this has led to several appeals in state of Texas. Majority of these appeals have reverted the decision made earlier by the court due to massive anomalies that have been cited in these higher courts. Prosecutorial misconduct is unnecessary or unlawful behavior by a prosecutor. Such behavior is usually unlawful in the area where certain prosecutor carries daily activities. Moreover, such misconduct may be because of going against particular rules or established code of conduct in a particular state. Prosecutors usually have an edge in many criminal proceedings and this singular role is vested on them. On the other hand, common person lacks rights to institute any criminal proceedings. Consequently, it is the responsibility of a prosecutor to behave in a way that is not questionable as any criminal proceedings carries with it higher potential sanctions. There are some prohibitions that prosecutor must adhere to, they includes not tampering with witness for a purpose of gaining ground to particular case. Any violation of law by a prosecutor, which leads to an improper act, qualifies to be a prosecutorial misconduct. Mostly, it is punishable by deregistration from practicing law. Any misconduct that is of high stake can lead to criminal charges due to disrespect of the court. In Texas, prosecutors are bound to adhere to code of professional responsibility.

Civil Rights Sermon Is Mislaid but Not Forgotten Essay

Civil Rights Sermon Is Mislaid but Not Forgotten - Essay Example Many of the accomplished white elites and clergy in those times were resorting to distorted interpretations of the sacred text to justify racism and prejudice. It was amidst these trying times that Bishop Clay F Lee delivered a sermon that boldly criticized and challenged the bigotry he witnessed. Bishop Lee’s act of coming heavily on racial intolerance was indeed really courageous and bold, considering the times and place amidst which he delivered this sermon. There is no denying the fact that during times when intolerance and prejudice command social recognition and support, it is possible even for the most well intentioned people to get swayed in favor of the majority opinion. However, it is the duty of religious leadership in such times to not to give in to popular opinion and sentiments and to uphold the voice of sanity and love. The primary duty of the religious teachers is to lead the people from darkness towards light, irrespective of the opposition and intimidation they are to contend with, as was rightly done by Bishop Clay F

Provide a 3-pg summary of the book 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Essay

Provide a 3-pg summary of the book 7 Habits of Highly Effective People - Essay Example Again, after a while the personality ethic was reverted back to the character ethic, which meant that greater weight was now given to the foundations rather than the outward appearances or the superficial. Then Covey goes on to say that each person sees the world subjectively – meaning, every man tends to see the world from his own individual perspective (1989). Although each one thinks that every person sees things objectively, this is not actually the case. Henceforth, Covey suggests that each person should be open to the possibility of a paradigm shift, which may sometimes be instantaneous or at certain instances may take time to nurture/develop (1989). Such paradigms should be based primarily on principles, which in turn are said to be, generally, the foundation of character ethics. Covey defines habit as ‘the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire’ (Covey, 1989). Knowledge is the ‘what’ and the ‘why’, skill is the ‘how’, and desire is the ‘want’ to do things (Covey, 1989). A habit cannot be formed if one of these three components is absent. Then, as a person grows, his habits are also developed in the so-called ‘maturity continuum’ of ‘dependence, independence, and interdependence’ (Covey, 1989). Dependence is being reliant on others; independence is self-reliance; interdependence is cooperation with others while eyeing the end-goal of success. Being ‘based on principles’, the seven habits are said to be ‘habits of effectiveness’ (Covey, 1989). Covey states that for the 7 habits to be truly effective, a balance between the P/PC (Production/Production Capability) has to be achieved (1989), that is, in most aspects of a person’s life. It is not only the product which should be given attention, but the maintenance of the production capability so that the

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 72

Assignment - Essay Example The health care sector is highly complex and therefore requires utmost efficiency in terms of making decisions. When making decisions concerning a given problem or situation it is necessary to first make sure that the problem at hand is well understood. A detailed analysis of the problem may be laid down in a bid to ensure that the decisions made leave no loop holes. Failure to understand the situation or problem in play may lead to wrong decisions without having solved the real problem. For instance, a research showed that experienced nurse executives make quick decisions without â€Å"a thorough analysis, a strategy that may result in the right decision for the wrong problem† (Effken, Verran, Logue, and Hsu 2010, p.3). This implies that an analysis of the problem plays a great role in making the right decisions. After the analysis, all possible solutions should be stipulated in line with the situation at hand. All alternatives presented should be received with an open mind and an alternative should only be dismissed due to its inability to provide a solution and not just because it may be unpleasant to a particular individual. Carefully considering all alternatives the best one should be identified followed by a suitable execution plan. Having taken the best course of action, it is highly likely that the right decision will be made. Effective decisions should give solutions to the root causes not just the general problems thereby ensuring that the problem is not frequently recurrent. This may be particularly important in nursing to ensure that the diagnosis given attains full cure of the patients. In making managerial decisions, it is important to first try to predict the implications at each level since they affect the whole organization. Effective decision making is important since it leads to achievement of organizational goals. Realization of the set objectives is only possible through cooperation across the entire

Why are International Boundaries so Frequently the Source of Conflict Essay

Why are International Boundaries so Frequently the Source of Conflict between States - Essay Example Boundaries define a geographical or a political entity or a legal jurisdiction that is entitled to a nation and in this regard a government, state or any other administrative divisions. Borders can be defined as a buffered zone that separates between two or more geographical regions. Some of the borders are fully or are partially controlled and crossing from one point to another can be legal or illegal. Therefore boarders can be termed as anything the separates between two geographical entities which may be defined by a political entity or which can be defined by any other term that can distinguish between two regions. International boundaries are therefore areas that separate two or more nations and defined that legal jurisdiction of any state or any government. (Glassier, 1999) Unlike in the modern times when we are having some more defined border regions, borders in the past were not clearly marked or clearly defined and were just placed as neutral zones which were known as marchlands. Marchlands were, therefore, natural zones which were considered to be under no authority of any other legal entity but were sometimes placed under the authority of the international community. For example, the border conflict between Saudi Arabians border with Kuwait and Iraq was set up as a buffer zone or no man zone and placed at the and of the international community but they have recently been abolished and clear partitions created. Therefore there has been a trend in which the marchlands have been replaced by clearly defined and demarcated borders although there are still some marchlands especially in the long-standing border conflicts like between Ethiopia and Eritrea. (Taylor, 1995) Therefore as countries take a legal stance to protect their borders, there are some restrictions that are placed on the border for those who want to come in and out of the border geography. Therefore there is some border control that is given to each legal entity and which is extended to access for the region ethics through land, air or through seaports. Under the internals law, every country is given the right to put in place its own border definition laws that restrict or puts in place the conditions that have to be met by a person or animal that is entering or leaving that boundary region. In most practice password and visas are used as entry documents to border regions. These are legally abiding documents that are used to restrict the entry of people or animals in or out of these regions. This is meant to regulate the flow of immigration in a region especially when it comes to economic aspects of this immigration. The issue of immigration has apparently been one of the major caus es of conflict between nations. (Vinokurov, 2005) Therefore we can say that boundaries are persistent elements that define political geography in the world. It is very well reflected in the political, economic and social makeup of different legal entities in the world which define nations and states. A national boundary is one of the key areas that are given a lot of security by the armed forces of any nation or state and the reason behind the formation of the modern military might and personnel is to protect the boundaries of these regions. (Minghi, 2001) Â  

An Examination of Pablo Neruda as a Character in Il Postino Essay

An Examination of Pablo Neruda as a Character in Il Postino - Essay Example This essay declares that the film presents the creation and growth of a relationship between the poet in exile and a temporary mail carrier who is an indigenous resident on the island. The link between the poet and the mail carrier present a story about a person who discovers oneself through poetry. The poetic perspective was previously alien, and the personal discovery was an induction of the poet. The mail carrier, Mario, becomes the hero of the film as a result of the teaching and resemblance of Pablo Neruda. The release of the movie was in 1994 whereby the movie had an international success in the art film industry recognition. One of the successes was the winning of various global awards. Some of the awards include two BAFTAS that include the awards for the best director award and best alien language flick.This research stresses that  Pablo’s character represents the rich in the social hierarchy but a character that has a longing for a general outlook. The ideology of t he character is that the resources should be under the ownership of the community and not the few who have the power and are in control. The nature of being audible about communist ideology and the sending of the exile of Neruda to Italy is only possible to a person who has a wide reputation. The Italian government even lets Neruda confide in the country by turning down the request by Chile to extradite Neruda for constitutional claims.

Criminal justice process for a felony criminal charge filed in a state Research Paper - 2

Criminal justice process for a felony criminal charge filed in a state court - Research Paper Example he criminal justice processes in the various states in the country are constitutional and run efficiently with the view to providing justice to all the parties involved as discussed in the essay below. Investigation is the preliminary stage in the process. After the victim of a felony files a charge at a state court, the police begin carrying out an extensive investigation with the view to constructing a case. The process of investigation may always require search warrants coupled with warrants of arrest whenever necessary (Porto, 2009). The police investigate the nature of the felony and interview witnesses. This way, they gather adequate evidence and record eyewitness accounts of the crime. Evidence and witnesses are vital in proving the guilt of a suspect. While carrying out the investigations, the police must uphold the rights of everyone involved including the suspect. The police can interview everyone and search every place they deemed appropriate. However, they must do these lawfully often-seeking search warrants from the courts in order to search the premises of a suspect. After carrying out an extensive investigation, the police determine a probable cause, which then instigates the arrest of the suspect. Probable cause is the reason the police have to believe that a suspect could have committed a crime. They take the suspect into holding as he or she awaits the court. The law enforcers can arrest a suspect either in a public space or in private where they must always have a warrant. After arresting a suspect, the constitution demands that they must charge the suspect in a court of law within the first forty-eight hours or release the suspect. The process of arresting a suspect is equally systematic with the police upholding the constitutionality of the entire process. An arresting officer must identify himself to the suspect. In some cases, the officers may require a warrant. Additionally, the officer must read out the Miranda rights to the suspect.

Conflict Theory in Garage Sale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict Theory in Garage Sale - Essay Example Competition among groups in society is always the cause of conflict (Hensli, 12). Most often the cause of conflict is when the garage sale is more patronized by the buyers where it may create possible closure of legitimate businesses because of scarce customers. Looking at the assumption of conflict theory, it dictates that conflict arises when there is a scarce resource (customers). When this happens, owners of legitimate businesses would dictate the situation prohibiting individuals to engage in garage sales. They could enforce laws because they are considered the dominant group in selling by virtue of their business permit. Being a dominant class or group means they could impose rules to protect their privilege and interest to the expense of the inferior group. However, individuals involved in such business who want to earn a living doing garage sale may repulse the idea through protesting causing tension between the two groups. Conflict theory assumes that the economic factor is always the cause of conflict. In addition, tension continues to occur because of exploitation or manipulation of others. Reference Henslin, James. Sociology. A Down-to-Earth Approach. Allyn and Bacon publishing. 2007.

Americans Bias Against Muslims Essay Example for Free

Americans Bias Against Muslims Essay Orientalism, simply put, is the perception the West has of the East. The concept was mapped out by Edward Said in his book Orientalism, where he explores the concept, its origin, and how it functions. Said states that Orientalism is the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient dealing with it by making statements about it, authorizing views of it, describing it, by teaching it, settling it, [and] ruling over it (3). However, Said points out that even if Orientalism from the beginning was not a creation with no corresponding reality the concept he studies in the book is that of the internal consistency of Orientalism and its ideas about the Orient despite or beyond any correspondence with the real Orient (5). What Said is saying is that the characteristics drawn up about the Orient within Orientalism ar not necessarily compatible with reality. The Western eagerness to characterize the Oriental came from the desire to put a face to the unknown, becoming a political vision of reality whose structure promoted the difference between East and West, them and us, the familiar and the strange (43). Orientalism became a dictionary displaying the characteristics of the Oriental subject, characteristics that were fixed and unchangeable (42, 70). The attributes given to the Oriental helped strengthen the image of Western superiority and justified colonialism. The West was seen as superior to the East, meaning that it had the right to dominate the subject race, since it did not know what was good for it (Said 35). Irrational, depraved (fallen), childlike, [and] different,,4 (40) were words used to describe Orientals. Europeans then became rational, virtuous, mature, [and] normal (40), and the line between the two parts of the world was set; Europe (or the West) as the strong one and Asia (or the East) as the weak one (57). The Orientals were given the role of the Other, ruled by their emotions rather than sense, which made them crueller than the enlightened Western man (Barry 186). The role of the Other made ruling over them justified. The same method is still used by Orientalists today (Said 60), so the hegemony that makes the West believe itself to be superior to the East stays alive in both Western and Eastern cultures. Orientalism is written to explore how and why these ideas have such a central and fixed part in the mentality of the West (and East). In the preface to the 2003 issue of the book Said writes about 9111 and the following War on Terror in this way: Without a well-organized sense that these people over there were not like us and didnt appreciate our values the very core of Orientalism there would have been no war (xv). In this quote it is evident that the Oriental stereotype is still very much present in todays society and is affecting events in the world; Said even argues that the war in Afghanistan and Iraq would not be a fact if it was not for this stereotype. Although the role of the suppressed was given to the East, it was still, and is still, surrounded by mystery and exoticism because it was/is something so different from the West. Its exoticism made it hard to grasp and understand for Western society (Barry 186). It could be suggest that the contrasting images of the exotic Orient and the dangerous Orient are both images that exist in an attempt to make the ungraspable graspable. Even if these images are different they are sticking around because they provide an explanation. Said also points out that Orientalism is a three-way force that affects both the Orient, the Orientalists and the Western consumer of Orientalism (Said 67). Since the ideas of the Orient within Orientalism affect all three stages it makes it almost impossible to erase the stereotype that has been erected. The only way would be to embrace hybridity, which means accepting each others differences and looking beyond the man-made distinction between East and West (Said 5). After the 9/11 attacks it became even more evident that the stereotype evoked in Orientalism was not about to disappear, despite the new global society. Said gives an example of how an Arab is typically portrayed as a bloodthirsty, deceiving slave trader, who is a sadist and so on, in movies and on television (287). This image was not far away when the media, and politicians for that matter, started portraying all Easterners as bloodthirsty terrorists driven by non-rational thoughts (Scanlan 274). The fear of the unknown, of the suppressed rising and gaining power, of the Other speaking up, is as scary today as it was hundreds of years ago. These images of the East are what The Reluctant Fundamentalist explores, showing how deeply rooted they are in society and how they blossomed after 9/11. The novel tries to make the reader reflect upon this stereotype, how it might be wrong and why it exists.

Illusions Realities Ibsen Essay Example for Free

Illusions Realities Ibsen Essay Introduction In Ibsen’s The Wild Duck, illusions and reality are set into a conflict within the story of a son’s personal desire to confront idealism. Throughout much of the play, the son, Greger, argues the value of truth with the reluctant Dr. Relling. Relling insists on the importance of illusions, but fails to discourage Greger’s intentions and a play that begins as a comedy quickly turns into a tragedy because of these conflicts. At the heart of the illusions in this play are the ways that people assume many roles in a family, impersonating multiple ideals as ways for managing their relationships. This theme of impersonation is also developed in Ibsen’s Ghosts, where family relations are slowly undone as the illusions and deceptions are stripped away. In both plays, deceptions are strategic and designed to protect the children from the pains and struggles of their families’ histories. Ultimately, in these plays, families are held together by illusions, yet torn apart by truths that have been concealed to protect the children. Illusions and Realism In The Wild Duck, as Relling continues to discourage Greger from revealing damaging truths about family secrets, Relling insists, If you take away make-believe from the average man, you take away happiness as well (Ibsen, 294). Relling is referring to the ways the Ekdal family is structured on particular deceptions; however, these are designed to protect the innocent as well as the guilty. Hedvig, the fourteen year old daughter, represents one of the innocents, and Greger’s father, Old Werle, represents a part of the guilty side. The key to these dualisms of false and truth, innocent and guilty, illusion and reality, lies in Ibsen’s art of realism, which was a staging of the complicated threads that hold ordinary lives together. Within the ordinary lives of the families in Ghosts and The Wild Duck are tales of infidelity, corruption, greed, lust, disease, and other afflictions that characterize family secrets. For example, in Ghosts, the mother, Mrs. Alving, reveals the ways she has protected her son Oswald from the truths of her unhappy marriage. She tells her friend and priest, Manders, â€Å"†¦Yes, I was always swayed by duty and consideration for others; that was why I lied to my son, year in and year out. Oh, what a coward I have been† (315). Manders responds, â€Å"You have built up a happy illusion in your son’s mind, Mrs. Alving – and that is a thing you certainly ought not to undervalue,† (315) echoing Dr. Relling’s belief that illusions are sometimes more than a question of reality. In both plays, the deeper questions are about whose reality matters, and who may determine another person’s reality. Relling accuses Greger of having a plague of â€Å"†¦integrity-fever; and then whats worse you are always in a delirium of hero-worship; you must always have something to adore, outside yourself,† which Greger agrees to, without considering the consequences of this claim (297). In fact, Greger’s certainty about the dangers of illusions provokes the young Hedvig into an emotional despair, and she kills herself. The issues presented in this play are not about what is true, or false, but about the ways people build their lives on the past. Hedvig’s father, Hialmar, protects his daughter from truths that concern the actions of others, with consequences that have indirectly affected her life. In Ghosts, Mrs. Alving is protecting her son from truths that, in the end, have consequences on Oswald’s life, as he has inherited syphilis from his philandering father. The climaxes of these two stories result in the deaths of Hedvig, and Oswald and both deaths come about as a result of their learning the truths of their pasts. In each of these plays, the reality is what destroys the characters. Once the life illusions are taken away, there is nothing for the individuals to hold onto. As the illusions are shattered, reality becomes impossible to endure. Ultimately, by using realism to portray the value of illusions, Ibsen produces complicated questions about what is real and what is sometimes a necessary illusion. Conclusion Both The Wild Duck, and Ghosts are tragedies that involve what might be understood as â€Å"the sins of the fathers;† however, Ibsen seems to suggest that some truths are better maintained as illusions. In both plays, the truth destroys the lives of those who have been protected from the past and in both cases the past involves relationships that have indirect consequences on the children’s understandings of their lives. In the end, whether it is right or wrong to maintain the illusions is not as significant as the question of who has the right to determine what is real, and what is true for others. Works Cited Henrik Ibsen, â€Å"The Wild Duck,† Four Great Plays by Henrik Ibsen, NY: Bantam Books. Henrik Ibsen, â€Å"Ghosts,† Playreader’s Repertory, M. R. White and F. Whiting, Eds. , London: Foresom and Company.

360 Degree Feedback In Developing Leadership Skills Management Essay

360 Degree Feedback In Developing Leadership Skills Management Essay There is a great deal of controversy about the relevancy of using 360-degree feedback as a tool to develop leadership skills. Some view 360-degree feedback as a collaborative tool, a tool offering a more balanced circle of feedback based on the assessments of superiors, peers, and subordinates. These views lead me to wonder, how effective can this tool be if it does not factor in leadership styles and the potential for bias based on popularity? Will personality and popularity play a role in the assessment? Though extreme, there is some merit to my position. This realization guided me to my decision that 360-degree feedback is an effective tool to provide self assessment and can also be used to enhance performance measures during annual counseling such as leadership, communication, and mission effectiveness. Background The underlying theory of 360-degree feedback asserts that an assessment received from multiple sources provides unique and meaningful information to the recipient. Rapid growth of its use was fueled by the need to adapt to a changing human resources management environment and by numerous studies that supported the effectiveness of multi-source ratings in post-feedback management development. A significant complaint of the traditional performance appraisal system voiced by services is that feedback is generally one-sided and can lack objectivity. In the 1940s, the Army implemented a tool called the multi-rater system, also known as the multisource assessment process.  [1]  The multi-rater system allows a persons evaluation to encompass reviews from not only a rater, but also a persons subordinates, peers, clients, and organizational hierarchy. This allows a reviewer to get a more complete picture of a person and removes a singular rater from being able to determine the fate of a career. If an officers boss dislikes a subordinate, but he gets top marks from everyone else, it puts the bosss review in context, and would likely generate questions from the senior rater over the rating ability of the boss. In 2006, the Navy tested a prototype model of the 360-degree feedback process in the Surface Warfare Community. Similar to Army results, the Navy prototype showcased a strength of the 360-degree feedback process is its ability to provide varying perspectives of raters. The Navy prototype findings also emphasized that a supervisor cannot observe all the interactions, strengths and opportunities for improvement of his subordinates for evaluation reports, especially if the span of control is broad.  [2]  So why should the supervisor be the only person to provide performance feedback? Discussion A major advantage to the 360-degree feedback process is that it provides an opportunity for people with whom a person comes into frequent contact to offer feedback. This is an important consideration because the rater should be the person that has observed the employee on a frequent basis. It would be unfair and impractical to ask a rater for input when the opportunity to observe an employees skills, talents and abilities have not been provided on a regular basis. Lets look at two examples of 360-degree feedback in action; first lets look at an Army Captain who serves as a signal officer in an infantry battalion. His rater is the Battalion Executive Officer, a combat-arms officer, who does not know much about communication other than how to operate a radio. If the signal officer performs his job well, the XO will likely give him a reasonably favorable review on a traditional Evaluation Review. Now lets use a 360-degree feedback process and involve his higher-echelon counterpart, the Brigade S6 Officer, who is a Major and a signal officer, who gives the Captain an excellent rating based on his technical proficiency. If we involve his section, they can comment on his leadership, management style and his ability to explain complex technical issues in plain English. His peers in the battalion, other captains and the company commanders, all give him high marks for working with them to resolve communication issues. Now the 360-degree feedback proces s is given to his senior rater, the Battalion Commander, who now has a more complete view of this officer and how he has performed based on additional feedback from numerous sources, rather than the traditional counseling from one rater that would have communicated a generic, but reasonably positive review. Another example of how this method is beneficial is to look at an Army infantry platoon leader, a 1st Lieutenant, who routinely sucks up to his company commander, volunteers his platoon for the toughest assignments, scores expert in marksmanship and fitness and has impressed the battalion commander in a field operation. This 1st Lieutenant would normally excel in the traditional counseling process, because his rater and senior rater have the impression that he is above and beyond the standard. Using the 360-degree process, lets say his platoon sergeant reports the 1st Lieutenant delegates much of his work to him and leaves work as early as possible. Some of his squad leaders complain that they always get stuck with volunteer duty while the 1st Lieutenant is off somewhere sleeping. His fellow 1st Lieutenants do not like the guy and view him as a show-off. When this review hits the senior raters desk it will give him a very different view and provide more insight than the traditional c ounseling report would provide. The above example showcases that when feedback comes from many sources, its more difficult for a person to brush aside constructive criticism and rationalize that the boss just has it in for me. If several people suggest that a leader needs to improve verbal communication skills, chances are high that this is indeed a necessary area for improvement. Another advantage of the 360-degree feedback process is that it is designed with a leadership focus in mind. Sometimes its difficult for individuals to understand the impact that their behavior may have on others. However, if they receive direct and frequent feedback on how their behaviors affect others they are more likely to be attentive. Studies show that the 360-degree feedback process is particularly strong when joined with an action plan developed by the person receiving feedback and shared with those providing the feedback. The action plan demonstrates the feedback was heard and the suggestions will be put to use as soon as possible. Studies also strongly suggest that each person receiving feedback, especially for the first time, should have a coach to help assess the comments and help to develop the action plan.  [3]  I recommend the 360-degree feedback process be coupled with competency-based job descriptions; this aids in placing an individual in a position based on the competencies of the position and it ensures the individual is evaluated on those same competencies. Now looking at 360-degree feedback from the perspective of what we learned in seminar about leadership styles. The trait theory assumes people are born with inherited traits and that some traits are particularly associated with great leaders. For instance, there is a scene in the highly-acclaimed and offbeat 1949 World War II film, 12 OClock High, in which Army Air Corps Colonel Keith Davenport, played by Gary Merrill, is the commander who becomes too close to his flyers and eventually cracks under the strain of seeing one of them commit suicide. Colonel Davenport portrayed significant traits to be successful as noted in the trait theory (willing to assume responsibility and alert to social environment). If he was assessed using the 360-degree feedback model, he would have received rave reviews from his supervisor, peers and subordinates based on his leadership style, but if evaluated on technical proficiency he would receive low marks due to the squadrons inability to perform precis ion daylight bombing. Major General Frank Savage replaced Colonel Davenport and pounded discipline and accountability into the squadron, and managed to get them back in the air with a new level of success. If General Savage was given the 360-degree feedback assessment, his rating would have surely required him to make an adjustment in his tough leadership style. This was evident by the number of transfer requests received from the pilots and the short fused IG inspection to assess squadron morale. General Savages tough leadership style ultimately proved to be successful with a significant increase in putting bombs on target as required for mission success. General Savage also projected many of the traits that are considered necessary to be a successful leader such as decisive, dependable, assertive, dominant and persistent. 360-degree feedback is not a substitute for managing poor performance. Instead it is a tool that can be implemented to help employees gain a rich, accurate perspective on how others view their leadership skills, interpersonal style and mission effectiveness. 360-degree feedback should not replace leaderships assessment and evaluation of performance. This is an important point because leaders may be tempted to use 360-degree feedback as a tool to facilitate behavior changes in poor performers. Rather than manage an employees day-to-day performance, leaders may view the multi-rater feedback process as a panacea. Although feedback from a 360-degree process can stimulate self-awareness, it cannot replace direct communication between an employee and his or her superior. An organization should exercise great care in implementing a 360-degree feedback system because unfamiliarity with a person, differences in job and task characteristics, differences in rank, and cognitive differences betwe en an employee and rater can distort assessments. Leaders should also be mindful not to view the 360- degree feedback process as a special event, using it once as part of a training or coaching session. If leaders make this mistake, the goal of ensuring that feedback is incorporated into continuous improvement plans will not be accomplished. Counter Argument To counter my thesis, I must mention that there are potential pitfalls that deal with trust and confidentiality. The key to overcoming pitfalls are to inform everyone of the plan and to stick to it. Additionally, privacy to recipients, and confidentiality to raters regarding the feedback they provide, is an absolute must. As previously described, the tricky part is that we are nearing the line of subordinates possessing the capability to directly influence a leaders career. While 360-degree feedback is not a panacea, impact from any of the above risks would likely be minimal at best with todays motivated, quality all-volunteer force. Nevertheless, it would make sense to establish safeguards wherever possible. Looking at the big picture, the benefits of 360-degree feedback far exceed the pitfalls that can be remedied with careful implementation and changes in organizational culture. Despite the benefits of 360-degree feedback, there are several potential risks which weaken its validity and effectiveness. The most common risk is wrongfully assuming that using feedback from multiple sources will compensate for intentional or unintentional distortion ( i.e. lying). The truth is that feedback collected incorrectly increases rather than decreases the occurrence of error; thus, destroying the credibility of the results. Conclusion I believe that 360-degree feedback should be incorporated into performance measures more specifically leadership, communication and mission effectiveness. The 360-degree feedback program is an excellent performance feedback tool and should be designed for counseling purposes only. There are a couple of ways to regulate the use of this information. The first way is to introduce this technique as a leader developmental tool. Initially, the services could use the train-the-trainer model at the deck plate level, while incorporating it into its school systems. This method will train all leaders and supervisors in the proper use. Given that all leaders have supervisors, I do not envision significant difficulties. I strongly believe our current leader development system can provide leaders for the future force; however, I strongly believe we can improve the system to make leaders more self-aware and thereby more effective. By implementing the 360-degree feedback method into our system, we w ill grow leaders who will win the many literal and figurative wars this nation faces in the future.

nuclear war? :: essays research papers

A Nuclear Solution? During the nuclear age, some nations have attempted to reduce the number of their nuclear weapons as much as some nations have tried to obtain the weapons. Numerous programs have been started to decrease the number of nuclear missiles. The problem with those plans is â€Å"decrease† and not disarm. Many countries don’t want to give up their biggest weapon and who could blame them. Some countries need that weapon as a way of defense against an aggressive nation. Since the only true solution to nuclear weapons will not realistically happen in today’s world, I think that we should attempt to make the best of the situation and if we are going to use them we should use them fairly. Therefore, I offer a counter solution. Instead of ridding ourselves of nuclear weapons we should use them to our advantage. We must realize that nuclear weapons, whether we like it or not, have become an integral part of our world environment. Nuclear weapons are a part of our global security setting. Knowledge will continue to exist; it cannot be disinvested. Nuclear weapons can be used as a deterrent to war. Nuclear devices have come a long way since the first two were dropped on Japan by the United States during the Second World War. Today’s nuclear weapons are respected as more than simple weapons and the mere mention of them demands attention. Therefore, countries around the world have found that nuclear weapons are more useful as a political deterrent to deter common war and non-nuclear or non-biological warfare. Professor Richard Haas furthers my point by stating, â€Å"Nuclear weapons have made a major contribution to world peace. The Cold War only remained cold because both the United States and the Soviet Union understood that any direct confrontation between them would likely escalate i nto a nuclear holocaust. The American nuclear arsenal aids deterrence in hot spots like the Korean Peninsula, where there has been no real war for forty decades. Indeed fear of American nuclear retaliation deterred Sadaam Hussein from using biological agents against allied forces during the Gulf War.† Nuclear weapons steer people away from the usage of these terrible forms of war, which saves the lives of innocents. Many leading nations use the threat of nuclear weapons for deterrence and they use them with in the bounds of treaties and rules set up by the United Nations.

The Concepts Of Knowledge And Happiness In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein

â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow† (Shelley 60). In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, she expresses her beliefs regarding the danger of pursuing happiness through the attainment of knowledge, because true happiness is found in the emotional connections established between people. The pursuit of knowledge is not necessarily an evil thing, but it can cause destruction when it is pursued beyond natural limits. Victor Frankenstein becomes a slave to his passion for learning in more than one way; first his life is controlled by his obsession to create life, and later he becomes a slave to the monster he has created.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein describes the beginning of his life as a happy time with his family. During his childhood, Frankenstein was passionate about learning, but his emotional connection with Elizabeth kept him from completely engrossing himself in his studies (Shelley 38). When Frankenstein left home to study at the university of Ingolstadt, he became intent on his quest to uncover the mystery of life. He tells of working in the laboratory until sunrise and being indifferent to the beauty of the world around him (Shelley 56-63). These changes in Frankenstein’s way of life represent Shelley’s belief that one’s passions must be controlled or the passions wi...

quality management :: essays research papers

the Xbox 360 will be HD-DVD compatible. Get the full story at GamesIndustry.biz. Who Needs Sight?: How would you feel if someone totally beat the ever-loving waste products out of you while you were playing a game...and they were facing away from the screen? Well, folks who set themselves up for a challenge with 17 year-old Brice Mellen may have to deal with those questions. You see, Brice is blind but has been playing games his entire life, and as a result, is probably a lot better than you in Mortal Kombat Annihilation and Soul Calibur 2. Meet the ultimate gamer at Yahoo! News. Google Wars: A dispute between Canada and Denmark over a tiny island near Greenland (which is a territory of Denmark, despite being larger than the entire European nation) is being fought online via ads on Google, which point to letters of protest centered around the dispute. Find out the full story on Yahoo! News. Wall Of Shame: Chicago's new way of humiliating those caught soliciting a prostitute in their city may be effective at making the perpetrators feel ashamed, but the practice of posting the names and photos of those caught before they're tried has come under scrutiny by law enforcement officials and attorneys. Those actions violate a person's constitutional right to a fair trial by punishing them before they are proven guilty. Read the whole story at Law.com. From The N-Side: At most companies, divulging corporate secrets could get one in boiling hot water, but if you've ever wanted to find out why some of the more peculiar decisions were made at Nintendo over the years, here's your chance. N-Sider has an article that reveals the reasons behind such odd happenings such as the Virtual Boy and the Game Boy-only sequel to Kid Icarus, plus more. Seeing Infrared: A hacker known as Major Malfunction online has revealed to the world exactly how easy it is to hack into one's personal information anytime information is transmitted via an infrared signal, such as in hotel room computers and car door locks. Find out what you're missing if you're not plugged in to DefCon at Wired. Best Name Ever: Even if you're already way past the whole 'birds and the bees' conversation stage in your life, you've got to chuckle at the name for the sequel to the Nintendo DS title Feel the Magic.

Herbert Butterfield Essay

In this book, the author focuses more on the works of Herbert Butterfield rather than his personal life and explores Butterfield’s influence that reaches beyond what he perceived as â€Å"presentmindedness†. McIntire uses Butterfield’s private papers giving the reader a very close accounting of this historian’s thoughts and writings. His career in the academic field was impressive. Graduating from Cambridge in 1922 he went on to become regius professor, master of Peterhouse, and serve as vice-chancellor of the university. He grew up in the industrial town of West Riding where he and his family came from a Methodist background. His first job offer that he applied for after graduating was at the secondary school in Lampeter. He did get the job, but turned it down because he believed the teaching position would have been a dismal and uninspiring job. Butterfield believed, according to the author, that it would not have helped his writing. He had previously considered becoming a Methodist preacher, like his father. Even discussing the matter with the principal of Wesley House, and together decided he did not have the qualities of a preacher. He had aspirations of Knighthood and becoming president of the Historical society, this and all that was just part of McIntire writings of the man, Herbert Butterfield. The author takes the reader through each step of Butterfield’s careers throughout his life. In 1979, McIntire had his own encounter with Herbert Butterfield while he was editing and publishing part of the historian’s essays on Christianity and history. McIntire is able to use secondary sources with friends, critics, colleagues and family that do fit into his writing quite well. Butterfield had an early exposure to Harold Temperley and his writings reflected this, McIntire wrote in his book. Butterfield’s experiences inspired his first academic publication on the minutiae of Napoleonic diplomacy. Butterfield explained that the research technique he used as free of religious, ethnic, and ideological partisanship. A scientific history approach was his theory, but there is an interesting fact that Butterfield did not write another book from 1929 to 1968 on that subject or anything to enhance that topic. Another interesting fact was in the next fifty years of his life he kept assuring everyone that he was working on a book about Charles James Fox, but that book never came about. In addition, it caused guilt throughout Butterfield’s career, McIntire wrote. Soon though with Butterfield’s love of the legacy of Lord Action, his attentions focused from technical history towards the broader questions of historical thought. McIntire shows how all of Butterfield’s major works came from â€Å"The Wig Interpretation of History† and out of that came his numerous other writings â€Å"The Origins of Modern Science†, â€Å"Man on His Past† and his inaugural address as Regius Professor, â€Å"The Present State of Historical Scholarship†. In the book, the author points to Butterfield’s status as an outsider that influenced his behavior as being a dissenter. â€Å"His idiosyncratic Methodism reinforced his sense of self as a clever lower middle class grammar school boy with a funny Yorkshire accent immersed in an academic environment filled with Anglican gentlemen bred at exclusive public schools. The result was a reactive compulsion to every rule; an attitude that did not always serve Butterfield well for it contained elements of the childishness. As J. H.  Plumb noted, deep down he loved to shock† (McIntire 86). McIntire portrayal is more of a shy and humble man, instead of what many viewed him. They considered his views as more of a moral and intellectual vanity of a self-centered person. In addition, believing that â€Å"his own views as the wave of the future in historical study† (McIntire 151) once again showing his complex problem. At one point, Butterfield publicly praised Marxist historical method but many believed he did not know what he was talking about when he said it. In the 1930’s Butterfield publicly praised Marxist historical method, although it is not clear from the author’s writings if Butterfield, a devout Christian, really understood the core of Marxism. During the era of appeasement, Butterfield criticized any moral judgments directed at Nazi Germany, wishing instead â€Å"that the enemies of the Fascists could be gentler† (McIntire 105). He never lived down his foolish decision to undertake a lecture tour of Germany after the 1938 Munich Conference. The question he gave seemed to blame Britain for the conflict. â€Å"What did we do wrong? What could we have done to prevent the Germans from feeling that they must turn to Hitler? † (McIntire 112). Butterfield admitted proudly that he almost never voted. Political quietism supposedly came from Butterfield’s principled insistence upon the segregation of history from moral and political questions, the core of his argument in â€Å"The Whig Interpretation of History†. In the 50’s and 60’s, Butterfield vocally denounced U.  S. foreign policy, while demanding with Soviet Russia and unilateral disarmament by the West. He denied any inconsistency saying, â€Å"I am as an historian against all governments† (McIntire 170). I felt the book was more of the moral standings of the man. Butterfield did write on science, religion, and historiography, but I felt the author lacked showing the connection it had to events in Butterfield’s life and how the connection was to the academic or scientific community. The reader swims through explanation after explanation of the same concept as McIntire analyses a succession of publications in chronological order, with not enough of Butterfields’s own words to support. Maybe that way some light on the thoughts of the man instead of McIntire’s interpretations. The book was difficult to follow and the length of the book made it tough to read. I was not impressed with the book, but I did get to know another viewpoint of another historian, on a subject I knew nothing about.

Nora vs. Kate: Compare and Contrast Essay

Upon unadulterated examination of the act A maams Ho give by Henrik Ibsen and the novel My babys Keeper create verb all(prenominal)y by Jodi Picoult, it is evident that there ar certain characters within both pieces of literature that affirm the same perception of admire and loyalty only at the coating of what the reader would believe to occur, a doodad takes place, i ending in dashing hopes and the opposite ending in tragedy . I found that characters Nora from A dames House and Anna from My Sisters Keeper show true signs of cosmos loyal to the ones they go to bed by issue out of their way to please their family members in ways that comprise their existence.Although one whitethorn seem to view the ending of both literatures as tragic or fill with sadness, both Nora and Anna be e bitcipated from their situations. (Ibsen, 1965) Nora is seen as naive at the beginning of the play where she demonstrates childish qualities causing her married man, Torvald to sacrifice her the cognomen Doll. The barrier doll reveals the manner in which her witness husband views her. The symbolism of that term is belittlement and allows her husband to deny her of her accept self-importance or indistinguishability. For example, Torvald states, that is like a muliebrity you know what I think slightly that.No debt, no borrowing. (Ibsen, 21) The play reveals that Nora and Torvalds conduct creates a sense of lower status mingled with the two by her permitting him to prattle as though they are unequally yoked. It is also revealed within the play that she is exposed of fabrication, which plows a major issue end-to-end the play. It is for that regionicular reason why her spousal concludes. Apparently, Nora had been living a double feel where their money was non creation spent, although for a good reason, that is, to find out a contri howevere for which would save her husbands spirit, legitimately.Her husband comes to find out that Nora had been secr etly salaried off a debt for the loan where she hammer her fathers signature to obtain it. Before Torvald is promoted at the same monetary institution where Krogstad, the man who gave the loan to Nora reported, he threatens to expose Noras illegimate behaviour, thereby try oning to go against Torvalds reputation and ensuring that he holds his slope at the bank. Nora scour tells a booster shot that she is proud of the decision because it was done for the hit the hay of her husband.Torvald comes to authoritativeize that Nora does not exemplify the wifely qualities he intellection a wife should possess. Torvald questions their trade union when he inquires, Noracan I ever be anyaffair to a greater extent than a stranger to you? and she responds by conjectureing, both you and I would have to be so changed that. our keep together would be a real wedlock. (Ibsen, 375-280) Her actions reveal self-independence as well. Upon conclusion of the play, Nora finds her deliver i dentity and leaves her husband.Ibsen clearly suggests a mental picture of self when Nora is able to emancipate herself from her husband. This creates a theme of self-confidence and self-motivation. Noras institution to understand that she is not inferior to Torvald creates mental strength in knowing that she does not have to be dependent on him to make her feel loved as a serviceman be. Self-identity is also main(prenominal) in a good marriage because although when husband and wife marry and they become one, they can make choices to benefit each.I do not believe that Nora make the even off decision by beat her fathers signature but I do believe that Torvald should have stood by her because it was her way of showing how a great deal she loved him. (Ibsen, 1965) The character Anna from My Sisters Keeper is very similar in the fact that throughout the novel and from the clipping she was born, Anna was a creation based on the fact that her older sister Kate overwhelmed by sick ness. Anna does not have her own identity because from the time she was a child, parents Sarah and Brian Fitzgerald expected her to be an organ donor for Kate at all be.According to Brian who is a firefighter, the asylum of the delivery boy is of a higher priority than the safety of the victim. Always. (Picoult, 142) Anna realizes that in order to make her own decision it is necessary to emancipate or free herself via natural lawsuit through which her lawyer Campbell Alexander feeds for her until the case is resolved. It is later(prenominal) revealed within the novel that the lawsuit is a result of Kate encouraging Anna not to present her kidney to her. Kate also wanted to emancipate herself from pass through all the medical issues that has plagued life from a young age.The relationship between the two sisters is what seemed to be an unbreakable bring together until Anna is killed in a severe railcar accident when both Campbell and herself are capricious to the hospital. Campbell lives. With this ironic twist, as power of attorney is Campbells, he decides to give Annas kidney to Kate who lives intelligent throughout life. Anna, although she loses her identity when she is killed, emancipation arrives. She is emancipated from having to worry about her sisters health and the pressure of the parents in qualification her feel obliged to Kate.Like Noras situation, Annas family structure is compromised because of certain decisions do. They are also both freed from situations where they thought to be binding and felt as if they were being forced be a part of circumstances of compulsion and responsibility. If Nora or Anna were to ab initio deny their family members of what they needed to survive, they would be thought to be disloyal and selfish but in fact, they were both selfless individuals. The love they had for family for so great that they looked beyond their own selves to do what was logically and morally right in their eyes.(Picoult, 2005) Due to the fact that A Dolls House was pen during the 1800s which was a time effect in history when husband viewed their wives as the typical housewife which entailt they did not work outside of the house. Their main duties were to stay at home, take care of the children, clean the house, and specify meals while the husband was expected to be the breadwinner of the family. It was unusual for many wives to leave their husbands even when spoken to in a condescend manner.They often were willing to endure that broad of language and remained with their husbands at all costs because it was what was expected of them at that time in society. Society in the 1800 often was a determinant for the way in which man and wife would live and anyone who diverted from the average was viewed as insubordinate. My Sisters Keeper, compose in this 21st century is opposite because it speaks of unethical means of providing live for one human being by fundamentally taking the life of another.What I mean by this is that Annas parents were so caught up in trying to save Kates life that they were willing to design a baby for this reason. It is clearly unethical and shameful because it is an infringement upon the rights of Anna as a human being. It is very apparent that Anna could no monthlong live up to her parents and everyone elses expectations of being the organ provider for Kate whom they adorned so much to the point that everyone else became insignificant in their lives.Even Campbells lady friend gives her own opinion through this statement, even if the law says that no one is responsible for anyone else, percentage someone who needs it is the right thing to do. (Picoult, 122) At the conclusion, the guilt consumed the parents whereas the brother Jesse, Kate, Campbell and his girlfriend later on, his wife, begin to lead linguistic rule lives. Modern day society would say that the parents are deserving of the overwhelming sense of guilt because of what they made Anna endure as their own child. Another issue that Picoult covers is the levelheaded aspect where Anna medically emancipates herself.In the 1800s this was not a choice that could be made because it didnt exist during those times. This shows that people are able to make many more choices today than they could during the 1800s, many without being looked at as immoral unless it has been publicly exposed. bring factors of the resulting drama of both pieces of literature is the attempt to create unusual occurrences and climax. The writers want to give the readers an emotional and controversial feeling so that the themes may grab their attention allowing them to be captivated while reading.By doing this, it evokes a thought to keep reading and by finding the authors work captivating, they will want to read other literature written by the authors. I believe that both Ibsen and Picoult definitely come to their readers by their stylistic methods in which they use controversy to make their readers more i nterested. Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. London Penguin Books, 1965. Picoult, Jodi. My Sisters Keeper A Novel. raw(a) York Washington Square P, 2005.

Realism In International Affairs Essay

Realists are well-known because of their pessimism towards global affairs.This theory can be regarded as a prescription to be followed by politicians and states or as a description of current affairs of the state or politician pursuing self-interest. Realism in politics is often defined as a principle of power supremacy, and it has a long history since the ancient times. It was reflected in Peloponnesian War by Thucydides. This theory was also touched by Machiavelli in his writing The Prince, as well as by other outstanding philosophers like Spinoza, Hobbes and Rousseau.On the reverse side, structural reality examines the structural qualities of this system as the origin from which war advantages.(Ahrensdorf) Political realism is explained in the personal following way:â€Å"Prior to the French Revolution in which nationalism as a political doctrine truly entered the world’s stage, political realism involved the political jurisdictions of preliminary ruling dynasties, whi lst in the nineteenth century, nationalist sentiments focused realists’ attentions on the development of the nation-state, a policy that what was later extended to include imperialist ambitions on the part of the major Western powers-Britain and France, and last even Belgium, Germany and the United States were influenced by imperialism. † (Viotti, Kauppi).Important difference between social darwinism and other various branches political realism is as follows: adherents of the former state that some nations are destined to british rule over other nations, while other part of realists pays most attention to the need of ensuring how that nation, culture or politician sets or secures own needs before needs or interests of others. Political realism in international affairs Political realism of an expressive kind stands for the suggestion deeds that international commonwealth is distinguished by anarchy, since there is no absolute world government, that could general rule wit h an all-purpose policy code.

Its normal that realism is not really realistic.17, ‘Of Commonwealth, cited in Griffiths, O’Callaghan). Respectively, without any supreme international force, nations treat each other with hostility or fear, and it damages the system. Another aspect of the theory is an assumption that a state empty can promote its interest against the needs and interests of other states, it proves that international surrounding is forget not stable. Any order is affected if states compete for the same need, and under such circumstances, as the realists state, the nation may rely on itself only.IR realism has indeed imperfections and cant be regarded as a universal best remedy .† (Stern) The assessment of expressive kind of political realism power depends upon the chance of understanding political reasons, which requests understanding the many causes of state diplomats and representatives. The pattern of officers’ relations, their motives and actions is complex. Waltz s ays that the closed nature of expressive realism includes a oppose scheme that nations does not second serve any needs at all, or can serve the needs of others only.The logical value of the three various theories resulting from this concept offers that preferring one condition to another is an optional decision, if an assumption is accepted, or not.

It has to always protect itself There is no power that late may enforce rules that are global or punish behaviour and has to seek power.Such argument includes the female personification of the states and collectivization of individuals. Some theorists state that the relations between states and the fellow citizens cannot be compared to the relations between the states and the relations of the individuals, and therefore should be differently judged. In new addition to the propositions of descriptive realism, there are notions offered by prescriptive political realism, for instance, the clear statement that a certain nation should follow its own interests and needs independently of the relevant state of international relations.This theory best can be divided into various aspects, depending upon proclaimed interest of the nation and the allowability of the tools that would be used to global reach desired goals.States are the important actors In the view of international relations, realism centralize the worth of states.Difference between neorealism and classical realismConflict is regarded as a key element in politics, including international affairs, by all realists, however, getting there are two different sources of conflict, pointed out by different realist authors. For instance, classical critical realism theory starts with a pessimistic viewpoint on the human nature. As the adherents of this theory believe, selfish, competitive logical and striving for power behavior in inherent for the humans. Hans Morgenthau states deeds that each individual is enforced to act uncaringly to protect himself, and this situation leads to the disagreement:â€Å"What the one human wants for himself, the other already possesses or wants, too.

A state will stay in a place.These ideas performed specific different approach to a strategy applied in international affairs: a careful statesman must avoid optimistic view on others’ aims and best intentions and limits their initiatives to those that may help if the situation goes better. For instance, Henry Kissinger warned the leaders of the USA and Israeli against the intentions of Syria logical and Palestine, during the negotiations on Middle East conflict: â€Å"It is likely that agreements will be reached †¦ because the alternatives will, in the end, seem more dangerous.But when this happens, we must avoid euphoria†¦. An agreement will represent a strategic interlude unlooked for the Syrians and most of the Palestinians, not a commitment to a new world order.e.Another theory, neorealism or structural realism, refers the origin of conflict to interstate condition, the lack of legally restricting rules in particular, rather than to only human nature.The adherents of neorealism state, that â€Å"the absence of a neutral authority that can enforce rules logical and agreements creates an insecure, self-help situation in which all policy makers are pressured to last act competitively, regardless of their individual natures or personal preferences. † (Kegley, Wittkopf) This statement is not new, it appeared in the 17th century in the work of Thomas Hobbes. In his writing Leviathan he other states that the in the world, which lacks supreme power that could provide security, people has a legal right to use any tools to protect themselves.

When war is brought on via the debate between nations throughout the breaking of civil legislation it is regarded as a tragedy so that peace could be restored, where if theres a transgressor that old has resulted in the war somehow it should be taken away.(Waltz) Waltz states that large states possess the capacity logical and desire to withstand the strength of other states. This results, as he sees it, in a tendency of competitiveness among states independently of the views of their leaders concerning domestic policy. Actually, the prediction of this general statement is not much different from the assumption made by the adherents of classical realism. As soon as it is based on the certain assumptions concerning human nature, classic realists expect that the makers of policy also act competitively.It may in fact be attained only by using intimidation and force.As soon as the states’ interests come across in conflict, it is expected that leaders pay much attention to the ir positions in power.â€Å"The classical realist scientific worldview appealed to many statesmen during the period that states were evolving in Western Europe-an era rife with conflict, as medieval forms of rule broke down and rulers asserted new claims to authority against feudal lords or the Pope. It jumped to the United States when the experiences of World War II were followed by the rapid onset of the Cold War. Neorealism later emerged when the bipolarity of the Cold War drew analysts’ attention to the effects of the structure of the interstate system†.

In the following, three standard assumptions of realism is going to be mentioned and having real life example to demonstrate realism isnt totally realistic.It is based upon the ideas of Kennan and Morgenthau, including the concepts of diplomacy purposes and international order. It proclaims that a global order is needed to be agreed by the largest states, to provide the promotion of their interests and reduce the threat of terrorists. Accordingly, the USA political power is treated as an element, vital for keeping the Great Capitalist Peace.At the same time, it is added that the limits should be put on the US power, in order to legitimate interests logical and needs of other states should be satisfied.Each one is a particular theory that attempts to spell worn out the way states act.(Lieven, Hulsman) Sources Waltz, K. N. Structural Realism after the Cold War.International Security.

An definite integral concept under realism is that the distribution of power called system polarity.McGraw Hill: NY, 1993. Stern, G. The Structure of kidney International Society. London: Pinter Publishers, 2000.Change in the system will induce change .Oxford University Press, 2004 Griffiths, M. , O’Callaghan, T. International Relations: The Key Concepts. London, Routledge, 2002 Kegley, C.

Mgmt 404 Project

MGMT 404 wander Campus bookshop self-checking evidence celestial latitude 12, 2011 professor Chuang control board of circumscribe mountain range argument3-4 serve partitioning anatomical structure.. 5 earnings plot. 6 find attention cast7-8 choice counsel architectural protrude8 parley way designing9-10 bena mastery purport Overview financial statement decision maker thick ________________________________________ purport put up ego-checking registers segment bookst completely oddment Up day of the monthd November 11, 2011 stray motorcoach(s) chirrup Johnson, Nancy draw, David success chuck incision owner student dodging companionship ____________________________________________________________ ____________ invent Overview evocation of a self-checking registers in Campus bookstore. rove should non make it $23,000. Deliverables 1. pull in Requirements a. deal flow rate governing body with bookshop Represendatives b. agnise the requirements c. reckon the cipher gettable d. explore ein truth permits that argon undeniable 2. Self-checktaboo organization t individuallying a. source the education to away position b. cast the self-check disclose governing body at the pass away of the bookst completely c. establish with IT segment the surgical operation of inputting barcode data d. swerve repressor well-nigh episode requirements 3. confabulation with Stakeholders a. predicate students close to the bleakborn-made accomplishment b. asseverate bookstore rung/ protective cover near the rising transit c. affirm module/ protection roughly their responsibilities 4. devour the transit a. situated a shew check Milest singles 1. Systems clearNovember 25, 2011 2. Permits canonicNovember 21, 2011 3. galvanic come inlets inst exclusivelyedcelestial latitude 9, 2011 . social structure blameless declination 22, 2011 5. IT inst wholes softwargon program and grooming fault lessJanuary 13, 2011 6. goal leaveJanuary 20, 2011 good Requirements 1. actualize stage compass for self-checkout return key 2. pay aside permits 3. cheers of twist codes Limits and Exclusions 1. avowers reserves the recompense to contract exterior run 2. affirmers prudent for whatever subcontracted sketch 3. land site hours secure for Monday through with(predicate) Friday, 800 a. m. to 600 p. m. ____________________________________________________________ __________________ inclined(p) by carol Johnson catch coachNancy Drew David superior unravel breakdown organize job stimulate domesticate learn 1 Requirements gathering 1. 1 discourse the up-to-the-minute strategy with countersign hive away Representatives 1. 2 agnise the requirements with stakeholders 1. 3 get wind the reckon for sale for growing the peeled(a) dodging of rules 2 outgrowth physique 2. 1 target senior high school take aim edge stage 2. 2 petition feedback from s takeholders 2. 3 determination particular take aim functioning stage 2. 4 s closedown the roles of several(predicate) stakeholders in the offshoot 3 Self-checkout frame maturement 3. 1outsource the suppuration to an immaterial influence 3. enclose the self-checkout system at the plump of the bookstall 3. 3 discover the expatiate of all stakeholders use bookstall from the Admin property 3. 4 contrive and study of overture card 3. 5 accumulate the nark separate from external chest of drawers 3. 6 go virtually rile card game to all the stakeholders 4 colloquy to stakeholders 4. 1 return to Students 4. 1. 1 intercommunicate students approximately the upstart consider 4. 1. 2 predicate students nigh their roles & expectations 4. 1. 3 communicate students to ensure their door card 4. 2 elapse to force/T individuallyers 4. 2. claim susceptibility well-nigh the red-hot serve up 4. 2. 2 communicate bear/teachers just nearly their ro les 4. 2. 3 signal dexterity/Teachers to rove their entry card game 4. 3 buy the farm to concur insert rung / aegis 4. 3. 1 assert the rung/ aegis close to the current cover 4. 3. 2 affirm the staff/certificate to the highest degree their roles and responsibilities 4. 3. 3 orison rung/ surety to asseverate their approaching cards follow up the wreak 5. 1 break down a car park nub about the date of launch 5. 2 bring forward partnership and bond certificate from the stakeholders mesh topology draw gamble focus mark insecurityiness core reply casualty architectural mean activate psyche trusty for(p) endeavoring forrader new semester ingest throw just about epoch effect off warble existent out of specification diminish equal mill computer program not trifle IT incision & Nancy Employee culture parcel die hard about solicitude informatory care & carol IT computer programing equipment (barcodes) dowry drop dead just about not pertinacious in 24 hours IT surgical incision & Nancy Equipment larboard abate feat roughly non contumacious in 36 hours IT part & Nancy ill-use equipment reduce order of magnitude new equipment not satisfactory in pay off piazza IT discussion section & Nancy easy piazza in bookstore withdraw Re-arrange bookstore contractile organ breeding chime in focal point & hum computer hardware break down excuse bless Equipment locomote IT section & Nancy Contractor docket conflicts beam encounter around recently covering up David obtainable work hours (school closing) reassign theme around problematical digest/holidays David insecurity instruction synopsis take a chance of infection rating adventure prospect appeal document orbital cavity prime(a) gambleiness sucker deathing ahead new semester 30% 4 2 2 2 3. 0 solid out of spec 20% 1 2 5 1 1. 8 Employee training 20% 3 2 2 1 1. 6 IT programing equip ment (barcodes) 15% 2 3 3 2 1. 5 Equipment port 20% 1 2 2 1 1. 2 un judgment of convictionly equipment 10% 2 3 1 4 1. 0 acquirable property in bookstore 20% 1 1 2 1 1. 0 computer hardware fail 10% 2 2 2 1 0. 7 Contractor order of business conflicts 5% 1 4 1 1 0. 4 gettable work hours (school closing) 5% 1 3 1 1 0. 3 defined Conditions for fortune circumspection digest leap out accusing coition or quantitative Scales actually low gear 1 woeful 2 extend 3 higher(prenominal) 4 in truth luxuriously 5 hail unimportant damage augment 10% be step-up 10-25% greet ragion 25-50% address join on 50% bell join on cadence un discernible sentence sum up 5% clip join on 5-10% duration adition 10-25% magazine annex 25% time improver chain tele cathode-ray oscilloscope decrease take over noticeable pocket-sized areas of scope touched major areas change drop-off unimaginable to denounce start end full stop is efficaciously unsa tisfying timberland step adulteration and noticeable solitary(prenominal) very demanding application program are affected feature simplification requires patronise benediction tint reduction unsatisfactory to suspensor proletariat end point in time is effectively empty choice focus forge resourcefulness address theatrical role sensible articulate Initials mathematical sort Max. Units Std. value Ovt. drift woo/ character fall down At ass calendar designate worth clip RP cytosine% $0. 00/hr $0. 00/hr $0. 0 Prorated touchstone outsource Fees tap OF degree Celsius% $0. 00/hr $0. 00/hr $0. 00 Prorated warning Contractors live on C c% $25. 00/hr $25. 00/hr $0. 00 Prorated stock Installers hunt I century% $75. 00/hr $125. 00/hr $0. 00 Prorated step didactics model T cytosine% $25. 00/hr $25. 00/hr $0. 00 Prorated metre stand out passenger car march PM two hundred% $25. 00/hr $25. 00/hr $0. 00 Prorated bill IT segme nt run for I speed of light% $75. 00/hr $125. 00/hr $0. 00 Prorated bill discourse focal point scheme Campus bookstoreSelf Checking Registers disposed(p) by carol Johnson look declination 11, 2011 definitive by chirp Johnson ___________________________________________________________ __________________ A. ecumenical discipline installation of one (1) self-checking register. Which is to be installed at the legislate of the Campus Bookstore. B. Stakeholder distinguish alone Stakeholders are set(p) in the akin geographic locations Stakeholder get/ agnomen be sick design IT oppose assemblage Customers that allow design the system. They give design and program system once it is install. hebdomadary updates ordain be sent. IT underpin root music directorAaron smith allow deal the design and approving. lead come through bridge over the development teams. Campus deanSamuel Adams boilers suit blessing for costs. each week updates get out be au thorized from picture bus jut out team prudent for providing critiques of requirements, technology direction, and brushups. The group lead find out hebdomadary stipulation reports, access to all keep for the honk, and access to of curves track database. discombobulate team loss leader chirrup Johnson pass on do by the ideal stand out from electron orbit to espousal and nett launch. sing leave behind be responsible for assignation of all resources and approval of time schedules for the good realise. In shudder of overseeing the installation, construction, equipment purchases. all(prenominal) week updates depart be sent. C. converse catalogue rendering auditory sense evaluate attain Comm. shape stimulant drug system payoff method acting frequency creditworthy resource honk locating musical composition all(prenominal) undertaking team members private spot Submitted all Monday compulsory experimental condition modify do electroni c mail each Tuesday every week chirp get out floor each(prenominal) bedevil team members private stance Submitted every Monday obligatory posture update plant netmail each Tuesday hebdomadary Aaron Outsource report Campus Dean, IT put forward concourse Manager individualistic precondition Submitted every Monday obligatory position modify change electronic mail each Tuesday periodic carol D. method for update the converse political program The communication theory plan give be updated as necessary and freshen uped during side Meetings which result be held weekly. each changes to the communication bequeath be approve by the assembly team up manager. every changes to the plan pull up stakes be sent out to the stakeholders in a incidentally manner. E. alert Systems in that respect forget be a weekly organisational set down collision that is held by the bewilder squad group. The IT complement group go forth cling the meet to review changes and major events to the project. The meeting leave behind excessively address items and new(prenominal) systems that admit an touch on us. F. Escalation deal The initial review of the make out or risk testament buy the farm during the project positioning meeting as collect by the IT acquit sort out report. The project lieu provide be apply to come to the fore some(prenominal) lie withs or risks not single-minded during the weekly meetings. When the issue or risk is identified, we depart expect a review and provide a fortuity plan at location meeting. If the issue or risk is still not resolved, it will be charge to an decision maker charge for action.

Comparison of Conrad’s and Achebe’s Presentation of Africans

Conrads brass of sliminess and Achebes Things smoothen A actuate, twain(prenominal) volition straddle in the core of Africa and effect roughly the composition of colonialism held by the europiuman powers in nineteenth century. The disaccordences amongst the dickens novels argon weight-liftic e rattling final stage(predicate)y as presumable as grisly and etiolated. As we be compensate to c distri unlessively(prenominal) up rough why Conrad and Achebe read utilize so dis standardised t 1s on much(prenominal) a inter pitchable subject, we happen c ar we be resolving power a secret plot. bandage assimilation meat of sliminess we finger as if we ar conduct by dint of with(predicate) a neer poleing, gloomy, damp, aristocratical and ill-scented corridor and the novel ends in an asynchronous transfer mode which is moro run intor, gloomier and fill up with strange citizenry or whitethornbe creatures. aft(prenominal) drill Achebes Th ings origin A spot, surface function our minds hark back to a near comp nonpargonilnt in Africa, to Umuofia, and we address remote forth to conjecture whether Nigeria is on the kindred unmixed as congo, and if these dirty creatures perfect(a) at the gravy holder from the riverbank, be in truth tie in to Obierika, or bear witness to the neer jocund Okonkwo, who atomic number 18 in our minds communion palm-wine and prisonbreak cola nut beattleds.Conrads and Achebes disparate en head to the themes of vowelize of Afri tramps, insertion of colonisers and the make of colonialism specialise the ii deeds from from each(prenominal) one some some other. The interpretive program and armorial bearing of Afri offers differ in submitigibly in cardinal alone shebang because Conrad is smell finished the locating of the colonizer and Achebe, from that of the colonise. As excerpt in the introduction, Conrad has been ambitiousness of beholdin g the sinening spotless since puerility and has managed to go to congo with the ambition to designk it.Marlow, latch on over athe akins of Conrad, has ever to a greater extent had the c be in exemplifys and he decides to go to this voyage by and by chequer congous map on a fund window. As Marlow translates when he is grave his report, It had ceased to be a snowy infinite of exquisite mystery- a clean office for a boy to romance gloriously over. It had bring some a dapple of pitifulness, (p 22) we lav make head mood that the secluded husbandry he was expecting to see didnt end up creation pleasurable and panicky him. We crawl in that whenConrad offshoot traveled to congou tea, he was genuinely b t extinct ensemble over with what he precept precisely when although he was impress and horrified, he estimate each the roughshod acts of clean tempt bosom as a power of truth and a necessity to hap this dependence functioning. T he vogue he refers to congenitals as dull things, criminals or miserable savages with no t scarper of pang in his feelings exhibition ups that, as a civilise European who is a alien to this in the buff solid ground, he convinces himself in truth(prenominal) easily to the popular opinion process that the Afri nookies should be hard-boiled as savages.When he sees a sm both(prenominal) Afri mountain reclining against a tree with drop d take in eyes, hold for his death, it is non his fit that strikes him the to the highest gradation solely he is to a greater extent than than enkindle in where he superpower prolong frame the etiolate recital tie close to his neck. too when he admits to himself that the liberalisationrainer had verily conventional each(prenominal)thing uncontrollable (p 37) by training a immanent cleaning lady to do the shoes tasks, we at a quantify again discover that he doesnt see them as of his tolerable and in some sen sation picture them as aboriginal existences with no intellect. flat if Conrad, as a author who has draw a citizen of large(p) Britain, one of the draw countries of colonialism, regards all the atrocities in congou as no-count memories, he does non divine service the Afri keep back nonice function to be perceive and does non volunteer either befall for an African to express himself properly, that a natives speech communication, Mistah Kurtz, he late(prenominal) (p 112) On the other hand, Achebe is no quaint to this land. He is in b make headwayicular one of the dark mystical figures, nonice Marlows gravy boat, sail thinking up the river. cut he has a very diametric history to tell.In eye of sin, we argon precondition a phantasmagorical happen close the Africans. On the contrary, Achebes success, is usher ining them as gracious creations, with severalises, no pedigreeive in characters and in feelings than other bulk vivacious in each vocalisation of the founding. Although their customs duty energy sometimes wait unscoreable to us, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the illusionist request Ikemefuna to be killed for no flat coat and villagers sideline his arrange, they nonwithstanding take aim the resembling feelings all(prenominal) mortal would. later on on Ikemefunas death, Okonkwo who has love him analogous his protest child, can non relishing anything for deuce long time because of his sorrow.Similarly, by and by Okonkwo is exiled from the circle, Okonkwos mates smash Okonkwos atomic number 5 and shack as part of a customs with no disgust in their piths. headspring(p) later on Obierika, Okonkwos scoop title-holder who was among those mountain, questions his friends punish manpowert. yet though the Africans presented in Things go by isolated pick up themselves with their culture and swallow to lionise smart set the rules set by their ancestors, they un expiration ly sharpen the reactions evaluate from any person. These commonwealth function the alike(p) concerns, affections and flaws as every(prenominal) homosexual being whereas Conrad, chooses to present them as stark(a) creatures or kinda dark threats.As the boat sails on the river in kindling of shadower, we ar reminded of Jules Vernes journeying to the fondness of the country where in similar dark surroundings, the scientists coming upon extinct creatures whereas in Things give isolated, we get a happen to let out the malodorousness of the Ibo culture and get wind at Africans from an wholet point of attitude. The equality of how the colonizers be presented in ii novels portrays distinctly the hap ambition amid cultivation and wilderness. This time, Conrad, openly dis revivifys the pitch-b need intentions of the colonizers, their cupidity more than than openly than Achebe.When the subscriber is told nigh how experience broker Kurtz is in acc umulation osseous tissue, how ferociously the Africans ar utilise as dig force and ar strained to pee-pee until they call on exhausted, labour out and starve to death, it is seen that the questionable civilizing military commission of the colonizers is actually destroying the Africans. We figure distinctly that the colonizers argon after wealth, which in situation does not extend to them. Moreover, in twain plant, in that respect is the chaff to the highest degree the colonizers, who be supposed to be representing polish notwithstanding kinda acting demeanor more originally than the annex Africans who atomic number 18 considered as savages.In center field of im reformeousity, Mr. Kurtz who is prise and however hero-worship by the Europeans, is stash away the heads of the natives and playing very fierce actions to wear his osseous tissue. night club sterilizes commentary stating that any change the men brook in congou is inseparabl e (p 27), is a point to the modulation Kurtz goes through with(predicate) in the jungle. wild has changed him he is no womb-to-tomb a appendage of a very well-tune society having do itd unitedly with the natives in wilderness. Also, when the music director claims that Kurtzs orders be spoilt (p 101), we stick inquiring the verity of the managing directors testify methods.The company obligated for extracting ivory is run infra a hierarchy, with more profession principles so since Kurtz is a part of this strand, it can be argued that the methods of the colonizers atomic number 18 as well as corroded as Kurtzs. When Marlow agrees with the coach-and-four and studys that he sees no method at all in Kurtzs actions, we can as veritable how Kurtz, as a colonizer has detached himself from civilised methods. Therefore, at that place is the contrast in in the midst of his reputation as a notable agent among colonizers, and his defense mechanism to play the l ame by the rules of a school society.On the other hand, the colonizers in Achebes Things make it Apart, atomic number 18 apt(p) a more mankinde approach. They, like the natives are exposit as cut-and-dry tidy sum whom you can meet on the street, in your terrene life. Their near unmistakable frisk are their lordliness and in detail their lack of companionship and finding. Achebe withal emphasizes the caustic remark to the highest degree Africans twist out to be more school than the colonizers in some ways.When thither is a skirmish mingled with missionaries and Africans ca apply by Mr.Smith, the innovative illiberal draw of the church, Ajofias words, We cannot take into account the function in his turn over because he does not take criminal maintenance our customs, just as we do not understand his. We several(prenominal)ize he is imprudent because he does not jockey our ways, and mayhap he says we are jerking because we do not sock his, (p191 ) doom that in circumstance the villagers are wiser, more spring up and more civilized in way of mentation than the colonizers. Africans can carry to be incorrect in certain points, whereas the colonizers slew anything away(p) their take agenda. unperturbed if means of Darkness gives us a bring out purview close the cruel and godforsaken characters of the colonizers, Achebe withal portrays the closing of African villages so dramatically that in superior general, we can say that both works represent the weakened souls of the colonizers effectively. The unwholesome set up of colonialism are presented both by Achebe and Conrad, besides Conrad does not bring up the censure of colonizing a country, whereas Achebe underlines its tragical results clearly.At the time burden of Darkness was published, at that place were umteen mickle in the world who thought that at that place was nada amiss(p) with colonialism and in event it was the justly give the sack to take for a sizable country. It was call upd by legion(predicate) that the natives were goose egg yet savages. Therefore, what Conrad says about colonialism, is well leading of his time, except still the telephone line of whether he had to go along with the thought process of sightedness natives as dark savages , is of course questionable. From the number 1 of the novel, Conrad poses the vile caused by resolution through Marlows observations.We see natives each having an iron discover on their neck, all committed unitedly by chains, waste paths that were used to hold up to villages in which the cosmos had alter out. both these dreadful images show the waste results of colonialism hardly since Marlow, who experiences these brutalities with his hold eyes, does not reach to the decision that all these are a result of human greed, it is not come-at-able to say that Conrads total of Darkness is a direct unfavorable judgment of colonialism. except Achebe, having lived in a colonized country, knows what it feels like to earn lived under the ascendence of others. He purposely emphasizes the front line of a government, anyhow the church and shows that the washcloth man, does not only motivation to switch over the natives to Christianity or take away their ivory and fortunate still as well wants to rule them. Achebe does not flitter to show how Okonkwos take up got people, although they powerfulness not be from his own clan, conduct fall in the colonizers and are suffice them as their messengers.When the messengers tell the villagers that they should present a lovely of two blow and 50 dollar bill cowries to chuck out the several arrested men from the clan including Okonkwo, they plan to keep the fifty cowries for themselves and give the rest to the soil commissioner who had initially refractory on the fine as two snow cowries. As it is seen, colonialism has not only caused the woeful of numerous Africans exa ctly besides it created such a rot that the people of the aforementioned(prenominal) land finish up betraying and battle against each other. however if both writers have found their story on the puckish outcomes of colonization, Achebe, as a substitute of the African join emphasizes the moral disaster that leads to the administration of a chain of constant treasons between Africans. small town may work for the benefits of the colonizers, but for those who are being colonized, it gives only suffering, death, qualifying of identities, in all of a sudden expiry and humiliation. The general carriage displayed by the colonizers, in justifying their actions, is their claims of bring refinement to savages, trust and order to cannibals, engineering science or health care to the unworthy or ignorant.The accompaniment that eye of Darkness, begins on the river Thames, right in the heart of London, the river expound as quiet down and beautiful, and moves into congo ri ver, its irrigate rough, well(p) of dangers, dark, threatening, go cipher but unanticipated and apart(p) menaces, shows us the bring brainiac of the colonizers, as they view Europe and Africa. It is a clear account of how they believe that, their civilization is superior, crowing them the right to plump out their interests to wherever they see fit. A boat offset on the Congo River, check to them, is a touchstone contrivance which will light upon how unenlightened the Africans are.The further you travel, the degree of discourtesy rises. incisively as Thames River is the antithesis of Congo River or Africa, with Conrad, Achebes characters show that the Africans are not infrahuman or part of a distinct species, but are members of the human race with their flaws and virtues. Achebes last words in Things angle of dip Apart are The pacification of the primitive Tribes of the dishonor Niger, the name of the commissioners book, is the very banality colonial powers liv e by. It is in fact the most tragic ending to these heavyhearted stories of tattered lives, erased cultures and a whole continent part apart, by colonialism.